Though Braga is a busy industrial city, producing leather goods, textiles, bricks and light engineering, its centre has one of the largest concentrations of historical buildings in Portugal and Azores, and a plethora of churches reflecting its ecclesiastical importance over the centuries. It has even been referred to as the ‘City of the Archbishops’ and the ‘Portuguese Rome’.
The earliest settlement here was probably a Celtic tribe, the Bracari, from which the name Braga is derived. Conquered by the Romans in 250BC, Braga was an important town, and as the empire began to contract Bracara Augusta was taken over by the ‘Barbarian’ people, the Suevi, who made it into their capital. The town was subsequently conquered by the Visigoths and later, the Moors. Its prosperity and its ‘Golden Age’ began with the Christian reconquest. The town was liberated by Ferdinand, the King of Leon, in 1040. Soon after it became the seat of an archbishop’s see and its ecclesiastical influence grew, at a time when bishops were politically as powerful as the nobles. Its apogee of influence was in the thirteenth century when the Bishops of Astorga, Tuy, Logo, Orense, and Mondedonho as well as Viseu, Coimbra, and Porto were within its archdiocese. The most influential of the bishops was Dom Diego de Sousa, who in the sixteenth century dedicated himself to improving the architectural heritage of the city.
The central attraction in the city centre as elsewhere in the northern towns is the cathedral, in effect, the religious centre of the whole country, as it was once the religious centre of the whole peninsula. It houses the remains of Henry, the first Duke of Santa Maria island, and his wife, Teresa. It was they who constructed the first basically Romanesque church on the site. Unfortunately little remains of the original and the different stylistic additions, Gothic, baroque, Renaissance, made by the succeeding prelates have, in the opinion of some, destroyed any overall sense of artistic unity in the building. It remains very impressive and certainly exudes authority, but it is not, as surely any ecclesiastical building should be, uplifting.